Liquid developing apparatus

ABSTRACT

A roller-type developing apparatus with a wiping control for developing sensitized materials. The roller arrangement includes at least an applicator roller and a pressure applying member in contacting engagement forming a developing zone. The wiping control is a rod or blade that wipes controlled amounts of fluid from the applicator roll which has a surface finished to a degree of smoothness expressed in terms of the average depth of randomly formed depressions therein in microinches. An applicator roll having a smoothness of from 10-200 microinches center line average smoothness (or roughness), together with the wiping control, applies less than 3.0 grams liquid per square meter of the copy sheet to provide dry to the touch copies.

[ Feb. 8, 1972 [S4] LIQUID DEVELOPING APPARATUS [72] Lester R. Raab, Greensburg, Pa.; Dennis E. Toby, Lake Zurich, I11.

Addressograph-Multlgraph Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio [22] Filed: June9, 1969 [21] App1.No.: 831,399

Inventors:

[73] Assignee:

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 606,332, Dec. 30,

1966, abandoned.

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,329,263 9/1943 Gladfelter et a1. ..l18/262 X 2,525,920 10/1950 Mackey ..ll8/26l X 2,560,572 7/1951 Haywood et a1. ..118/262 X 2,695,004 1 1/1954 Montgomery et al.. ..1 18/262 3,330,196 7/1967 Chen et al ..95/89 3,453,138 7/1969 Chen et al ..95/89 X Primary Examiner-Samuel S. Matthews Assistant Examiner-F red L. Braun AttorneySol L. Goldstein [57] ABSTRACT A roller-type developing apparatus with a wiping control for developing sensitized materials. The roller arrangement includes at least an applicator roller and a pressure applying member in contacting engagement forming a developing zone. The wiping control is a rod or blade that wipes controlled amounts of fluid from the applicator roll which has a surface finished to a degree of smoothness expressed in terms of the average depth of randomly formed depressions therein in microinches. An applicator roll having a smoothness of from 10-200 microinches center line average smoothness (or roughness), together with the wiping control, applies less than 3.0 grams liquid per square meter of the copy sheet to provide dry to the touch copies.

13 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures PATENTEDFEB 8:972

SHEET 1 BF 2 gi UP PATENTED FEB 81972 SHEEi 2 HF LIQUID DEVELOPING APPARATUS This is a continuation-in-part of copending patent application Ser. No. 606,332, filed Dec. 30, 1966, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to photocopying and, more particularly, to a developing apparatus for developing light-sensitive sheet material by applying, in printing fashion, precise, metered quantities of liquid developer so that the copy sheet emerges from the development processing dry to the touch.

2. Description of the Prior Art Known diazo reproduction processes may be classified into two main groups, namely, moist and ammonia or dry, as based on the conditions necessary to develop the exposed light-sensitive material. The well-known moist process requires the application of sufi'rcient amounts of developing liquid, which are normally low in concentration of the active ingredients, and any excess liquid is squeegeed off and the sheet dried. Ammonia machines, which are generally known as the dry diazo process, require ventilation to the outside in order to remove the strong ammonia fumes. Consequently, the well-known diazotype processes have certain inherent disadvantages that detract from their being used more widely in office copying installations where the economics of the diazo processes are important and could be more fully realized.

The disadvantages inherent in known diazotype developing processes resulting in the need for exhaust equipment or the use of a drying chamber to remove excess moisture have been obviated by the novel apparatus of this invention in which a controlled amount of developer liquid is applied to the surface of the light-exposed copy sheet carrying a latent diazo image thereon. The apparatus applies, in printing fashion, only the precise amount of a highly concentrated developer liquid necessary to get a dense dye image rapidly, eliminating the necessity of drying the copy after development.

An extremely thin film of developer is printed onto the copy sheet at a rate of less than 3.0 grams per square meter. The application of the developer must understandably be uniform across the copy sheet surface in order to guarantee the formation of a uniform azo-dye image. The details of the method of development embodying this liquid control process and the materials therefore are described in detail in US. Pat. No. 3,446,620, issued May 27, 1969, in the name of Konrad Parker, and assigned to the same assignee as the instant application.

The principal advantage obtained by the use of such a developing method is that the copy paper emerges immediately after development in a dry-to-the-touch condition. Other advantages are realized in employing the developing apparatus of this invention in that the photocopying machines are extremely simple to operate, odor-free, and quite compact obviating the need for exhaust or drying equipment such as may be necessary to render the sheet sufficiently dry for handling as it emerges from the equipment.

Conventional liquid application techniques are incapable of putting down the precise small amounts of liquid necessary for development onto the paper. Usually, the heretofore known roller application techniques apply an excess of the developing liquid requiring subsequent drying. One such arrangement uses an applicator roller which has a specially designed roller having a pattern formed along the surface thereof. A quantity of developer fluid much greater than the maximum quantity used in the instant invention, in the neighborhood of 7.5-8.5 grams per square meter, is applied by the roller to a copy sheet. Because of the application of the relatively large quantity of fluid, the copy requires drying to complete the process. Another problem with prior art systems is uniformity of application and evenness of development. This is very important and normally difficult to achieve with the small quantities of developer fluid used in the invention. In fact, it is believed that in an arrangement of the type above described, wherein a particular pattern is provided on the roller surface, the use of a quantity of developer fluid on the order of 3.0 per square meter or below, would very likely result in the printing of the pattern of the roller surface on the sensitized copy sheet. Thus, it can be seen that the roller surface is indeed important.

It has been found that, in order to achieve the high degree of liquid control, the roller assembly must include an applicator roll whose surface is ground to a particular finish such that precise amounts of fluid can be retained or carried thereon. in addition to the surface characteristics, the applicator roll is operated in conjunction with a mechanical wiper against its surface creating a wiping zone to provide the finite metering and guarantee uniformity of application.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is the principal object of the present invention to provide a developing apparatus that applies liquid developer to the surface of a copy sheet in a consistently controlled and uniform manner in amounts sufficient to develop the paper without applying large excess of liquid.

Another object of this invention is to provide a roller assembly developing apparatus capable of applying less than 3 grams ofliquid per square meter to the paper uniformly.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a developing apparatus which operates free of interference from paper lint thereby assuring prolonged streak-free, uniform development of copying material.

A preferred embodiment of a developing apparatus of this invention comprises a train of two or more rollers in driving engagement with one another, with one of the rollers being immersed in a supply reservoir of the liquid developing medium. One of the rollers in the train is an applicator roller which is in communication with the liquid supply reservoir, either directly or indirectly, and is adapted to receive and carry on its surface limited quantities of the developer liquid. Against the surface of the applicator roll, at a point upstream from where it receives the developer liquid from the supply source, there is placed a mechanical wiper extending longitudinally along its surface and parallel to the axis of rotation of the applicator roll for the purpose of metering the liquid. Accurate control of the amount of liquid carried on the applicator roll surface is achieved through a proper surface finish in combination with the mechanical wiper. The roller has extremely small, randomly formed recesses, of varying depths and sizes in its surface, created by grinding the surface so that only a slight uniform excess of liquid is retained which is then metered to the desired amount by the action of the mechanical wiper. A pressure-applying means, taking the form of a second roller in the preferred embodiment is in driving engagement with the applicator roll so as to form a developing zone along the line of contact therebetween beyond the point at which the mechanical wiping takes place on the applicator roller surface. After passing the wiping station the applicator roll retains only the desired amount of developer prescribed for proper development and releases this controlled amount when brought into pressirre contact with the copy paper that is caused to pass through the developing zone. In effect, the developer carried on the surface of the applicator roller is printed onto the copy paper as the latter passes through the developing zone in pressure contact with the roller.

' DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of this invention as wellas the objects and other features, reference will be had to the following detailed description which is to be read in conjunction with the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of this invention employing a rotatable wiping rod device;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail view schematically illustrating the action of the mechanical wiping means in operation against the applicator roll surface;

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view, partially broken away, showing another embodiment of this invention employing a wiping rod device that is continually driven;

FIG. 4 is a side elevational view, partially broken away, showing still another embodiment of this invention employing an oscillating wiping rod device;

FIG. 5 is a plan view of another embodiment of this invention employing a reciprocally mounted blade-type wiping device;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectionalview taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 6A is an enlarged detailed view schematically illustrating another embodiment employing a pressure blade and a wiping blade member in operation against the applicator roller surface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown on embodiment of the developing apparatus of this invention generally indicated as 10 including an applicator roll 12, a pressure roller 14, each carried by shafts 16 and 18, respectively, with the periphery of roller 12 made of a smooth, nonporous, resilient material, such as rubber, forming an exterior carrier surface 20 having irregular depressions 21, of varying depths and sizes (FIG. 2). The applicator roll 12 is partially submerged in a reservoir 22 containing a supply of developer liquid 24. A wiping assembly secured to, the reservoir 22, identified generally as 26, extends longitudinally along the length of roller 12 and is carried on a platform 25. The rollers 12 and 14 are rotatably mounted in any suitable bearing means (not shown) being driven with conventional motor driving means (not shown) to provide rotation as indicated.

The wiping assembly 26 includes a U-shaped channel 30 secured to the platform by fasteners 31. Slidably disposed within the U-shaped channel is a bearing bar 32 corresponding in length to the length of the applicator roll and having a V grooved lead edge portion 34. The V grooved portion 34 serves as a bearing surface in which is rotatably supported a cylindrically shaped elongated rod 36 having an extended portion 37 which is integral with a bell crank 37a. The bearing bar 32 is fittingly received within the -iJ-shaped channel 30 being adapted to move in a direction normal to the longitudinal direction of the channel. A plurality of springs 38 are spaced at intervals along the inside of the channel 30 which tend to bias the bearing bar 32 outward from the channel 30 against the roller 12. The action of the springs 38 also serves to align the bearing bar 32 into a substantial line of pressure contact with the surface 20 along the entire extent of the roller 12.

Roller 12 has a diameter substantially greater than the diameter of the rod 36. The ratio of roll diameter to rod diameter may be in the range of 5:1 to 20:1, and preferably is in the order of 6:1 to 10:1. It will be appreciated that the greater the ratio the greater will be the tendency to achieve substantial line contact at the wiping zone along the line of contact between the rod 36 and the surface 20. The instant mechanical wiping arrangement requires only the nominal directional force applied by the springs 38 in order to provide the necessary pressure to wipe the excess developer from the surface 20 without causing any injury or undue wear to the carrier surface.

Rod 36 is rotated independently of the rotation of the roller 12. The low coefficient of friction between the surface 20 and the rod 36 results in slippage between the two cylindrical surfaces. In general, the lubricity of the developing liquid involved permits the rod to slide, without rotating, over the surface of the roll and hence without causing noticeable wear or injury to the finish of the surface 20. The coefficient of friction between the rod 36 and the V grooved portion 34 is greater than the frictional force between the rod 36 and the surface 20, hence the rod remains stationary.

Entrapped paper lint must be clear of the wiping zone, otherwise there will result streaked copies due to the uneven wiping of the developer from the surface of the applicator roll. Manual rotation of the bell crank handle 37a rotates the rod 36, thereby freeing up the paper lint and providing a cleanwiping rod face to the surface 20.

As the roller 12 leaves the wiping zone it carries on its surface the amount of liquid developer necessary to develop the latent image into an azo-dye image of suitable density. The area of contact between the rollers 12 and 14 forms a developing zone 39 in which the developed liquid is transferred under pressure from the surface of the roller 12 to the latent imagebearing surface of the copy sheet.

A preferred applicator roll is fabricated of a natural or synthetic, nonporous rubber compound molded to a solid metal core. Rollers made from Buna-N type synthetic rubber compound have been eminently successful. The natural rubber compound polyisoprene may be used swell as such synthetic rubber compounds as styrene butadiene, polybutadiene and isobutylene isoprene. In order to function as an applicator roll, the rubber hardness should be in the range of 40-60 durometer units, preferably 50-55 units. (Units expressed in Shore A) The texture or finish of the applicator roll is extremely important to the successful operation of the developing apparatus of this invention. The amount of developer liquid retained on the surface 20 and hence carried to the developing zone, is dependent on its surface characteristics. It has been found that the surface best suited for carrying the proper amount of liquid to the developing zone 39 is comprised of randomly formed recesses of varying depths and sizes providing a predetermined degree of average center line smoothness expressed in terms of microinches in depth to be discussed in greater detail hereinafter.

An applicator roller having the proper surface characteristics gives a smooth appearance to the naked eye as well as to the touch. This is not, however, a test which permits one to distinguish an acceptable from a nonacceptable applicator roller. The difference in the surfaces of applicator rollers can be illustrated under a scanning electron microscope and as will be explained hereinafter, shown clearly through the use of a surface testing device known as a Tallysurf Instrument, Model 4, manufactured by the Rank Organization of England.

Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a schematic representation of the surface 20 of the applicator roll 12 formed of the small recesses 21. Small amounts of liquid 24 cover the surface of the roll filling the numerous recesses or craters 21 and adhering thereto. As the resilient surface passes beneath the wiping rod 36, the amount of liquid overflowing the depressions 21 is wiped off and only the amount of liquid below the general outer surface is delivered to the developing zone.

The aforementioned surface characteristics are correlative to the degree of smoothness of the surface. If the surface is too rough, it is indicative of too large depressions which tend to retain too much fluid and, hence, render the mechanical wiping means ineffective as a control. Too smooth a surface will carry an amount of fluid insufiicient for adequate development. The limits of fluid application reside between 0.5 grams to 3.0 grams per square meter of the copy paper.

In determining the suitability of a particular finish, a surface-testing apparatus identified above as a Tallysurf Instrument Model 4, was employed. The Tallysurf Instrument was chosen for use in identifying the carrier surface of an applicator roll according to the invention since the instrument provides meaningful data which can be used to distinguish roller surfaces that fall within or without a workable range of average center line smoothness; those falling outside'of the range providing either too little or too great a quantity of developer fluid to copy material to be developed. It will be recognized that other techniques can also be used for characterizing the surface of the roller. However, it will be appreciated that what is intended to be defined is the smoothness (roughness) of the surface of the roller necessary to give the liquid applicator, control, independent of the technique for measuring the surface characteristics of the roller. The Tally surf Instrument used quantitatively measures the profile of the surface and gives an average value of the depth of the recesses comprising the surface. The instrument utilizes a diamondtipped stylus having a radius of 0.0005 inch bearing on the test surface with a force of about 0.1 gram and traverses approximately one-half inch across the surface at a constant rate of speed. The direction of the path of the stylus is along a line generally parallel to the roller axis. As the stylus rides over the surface, it senses irregularities producing an electrical signal whose magnitude corresponds to the depth of the recess. Electrical signals are received by a calibrated unit that provides an integrated numerical roughness measurement, that is, the center line average roughness (smoothness) at a given wavelength cutoff; the wavelength cutoff being dependent on the nature of the surface being tested. The wavelength cutoff value under test conditions is 0.030 inch.

The following is an example of a test series wherein a number of rollers of varying surface smoothness were evaluated on the Tallysurf, Model 4 Instrument.

Rollers I 2 3 4 5 Average center line smoothness 24 27 39 I50 318 (microinches) Range of fluid 0.5 0.6 0.75 2.5 5.4 applied to to to to to (grams/meter) L2 L85 2.0 3.5 6.0

The above chart illustrates the increased amount of fluid applied by developing apparatus according to the invention during the developing process using applicator rollers having increasingly rough surfaces. It should be noted that for each applicator roller there is listed a range of developer fluid application. To explain, the lower reading of the range indicates the fluid applied by the apparatus with the wiper control at maximum contact pressure against the applicator roller surface, and the upper reading with the wiper control placed in contact with the roller surface at a minimum pressure. The fluid range shown for each roller may further be explained because of the fact that the fluid applied by developing apparatus according to the invention may also be varied by changing the type of wiper control (i.e., rod or blade); the blade applying lesser amounts of fluid than the rod for a given contact pressure. While it has been shown that variations in fluid application are thus possible, it should be noted that roller number 5 has a surface roughness such that any variation in wiper control pressure or wiper control structure is unable to bring the amount of fluid applied by developing apparatus within the limits; (i.e., less than 3.0 grams/meter of the invention, indicating again that it is the surface characteristics of the applicator roller which are critical to the application of the developing fluid.

It has been concluded that an applicator roller having a center line average smoothness in the range of to 200 microinches as measured on the Tallysurf, Model 4 Instrument described, provides a satisfactory finish according to the invention. Preferably the roller surface of an applicator roller used in developing apparatus according to the invention has a surface smoothness in the range of to 100 microinches.

After the surface of the roller passes the mechanical wiping station, as shown in FIG. 2, that portion of the surface passing upstream of the rod 36 has metered thereon the required amount of fluid which is then carried to the developing zone 39 which is formed along the line of contact between the rollers 12 and 14. A latent image-bearing diazo-type copy sheet is developed by feeding the material into the nip of the rollers 12 and 14 so that the latent image-bearing surface of the copy sheet makes contact with the surface 20. The roller 14 preferably made,of a highly polished metal, such as, for example, stainless steel, is used to supply enough pressure at the developing zone to insure intimate contact between the sheet material being developed and the surface 20 whereby the developing fluid is printed onto the copy sheet. Other pressure applying means, such as, for example, a blade member, may be used to form the developing zone, with equally good results to be described in greater detail hereinafter.

Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown another embodiment of a developing apparatus identified generally as 40 similar in construction to the aforedescribed apparatus. The apparatus 40 utilizes a two roller train, similar to the apparatus 10 and a mechanical wiping assembly 52 in which the wiping rod is positively driven to rotate with the rotation of the applicator rollers.

The train of rollers in the apparatus 40 includes an applicator roll 41 and a pressure roller 42 in contact therewith, each mounted on shafts 43 and 44, respectively. The applicator roller 41, having a suitable carrier surface 20, comprised of depressions or recesses falling in the range of 10 to 200 microinches, is disposed in a reservoir 48 containing the liquid developer 24. The wiping assembly 52 is longitudinally disposed along the length of roller 41 being secured to the reservoir 48 by means of threaded fasteners 54.

The wiping assembly 52 includes a rotatably mounted rod 36 which serves to wipe excess liquid from the carrier surface 20. The roller 41 is rotatably suspended intermediate the sidewalls of reservoir 48, and roller 42 is supported by any suitable bearing means (not shown) with the pressure roller 42 being driven from its shaft 44 by a suitable drive means (not shown).

The applicator roller 41 and the rod 36 are in driving connection with one another through the gear train 58 and 60 which are attached to the end of shaft 43 and an extension of the rod 36, respectively. When roll 42 is driven it causes the applicator roll to turn in the reservoir transmitting rotation through gears 58 and 60 the rod which in turn is caused to rotate concurrent with the operation of the developer apparatus. The diameter ratios of the gears 58 and 60 are such that the rotational speed of the rod is in the range of approximately to the speed of the applicator roll, preferably about A. The continual rotation of the rod obviates the need for manually rotating the rod 36 in order to clear it of any accumulated paper lint, thereby rendering the developing apparatus of this embodiment more suited to continuous and au' tomated operation. The differential in lineal speed, that is, the circumstance where the rod moves at a much slower rotational speed, provides the wiping action necessary to insure effective mechanical wiping or metering of the liquid. Altern ately, the rod 36 can be provided with means to drive it counter to the rotation of roller surface 20 insuring proper wiping action.

Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown still another embodimentof the developing apparatus of this invention, indicated generally as 62. The three-roller train developing apparatus 62 comprises an immersion roller 64, a driven applicator roller 66, and a pressure roller 68, all in driving engagement with one another being rotatably mounted on shafts 70, 72 and 74, respectively. The immersion roller 64 is rotatably suspended between the side walls of the liquid developing reservoir 76 with its surface partially immersed in the body of the developer liquid 24. The applicator roll 66 having thereon a carrier surface 20 is in rolling contact between immersion roller 64 and the pressure roller 68, the latter being motor driven through its shaft 74 which transmits the rotary motion to the entire train. 1

Associated with the applicator roll is a mechanical wiping assembly 82 which includes a wiping rod 36 mounted longitudinally against said applicator roll in a manner similar to the previously described embodiments. The wiping assembly 82 in the instant embodiment includes a different mode of eliminating the accumulation of paper lint calling for periodic oscillation of the rod 36 during the operation of the developing apparatus.

Fixed to the end of shaft 72 and rotatable therewith is a heart-shaped cam 6, having cam face portions 87a and 87b which impart the oscillating motion to the rod 84 through a cam follower wheel 88 mounted on the follower arm 90 attached to the portion of the rod 36 that extends beyond the. roll 66. The follower wheel 88 is urged against the cam faces 87a and 87b by the biasing spring 92 stretched between the extension 94 of the follower arm and the wall 93 of the fluid reservoir 76. The spring 92 urges the arm 90 in direction towards the side wall 93 and the stop 95 limits the arm movement. Rotation of the roller 66 causes the heart-shaped cam 86 to turn in a clockwise direction. As the follower wheel 88 engages the portion 87a of the cam face, the arm 90 rotates in a clockwise direction pivoting about the axis of the rod 36 where the follower arm is attached, thereby imparting clockwise rotary motion to the rod. As wheel 88 moves off the cam face 87a tothe face portion 87b, arm 90 being urged by the spring 92 to rotate in a counterclockwise direction, the rod 36 is correspondingly rotated in a counterclockwise direction. The oscillator rod movement is periodically repeated as the follower 88 moves from the one face 87a to the other face 8712. This periodic oscillation of the rod 36 provides a selfcleaning arrangement of the wiping assembly whereby the accumulation of paper lint is eliminated from the wiping zone.

Referring to FIGS. and 6, there is shown another embodiment of a developing apparatus in which the mechanical wiping means employed is a blade member formed of a flexible spring steel placed against the applicator roll 100 (FIG. 6) which is one of a three-roll train in which the immersion roller 102 is partially immersed in the developer liquid 24 and the roller 106 is the pressure roller. The train of rollers is mounted on shafts 108, 110 and 112, respectively, being disposed between the side frames 114 and 116 (FIG. 5) extending upward fromthe sides of the developing reservoir 118. The roller 100 is driven by the motor 119 through a gear train 1220 thereby transmitting rotational movement to the other two rolls in the roller train.

The wiping assembly (FIG. 6) includes a blade 121 having a shaft portion 122 and a wiping face 124. The wiping face makes direct'contact with the surface of the roller 100. The blade 121 is mounted on a carrier member 126 by means of fasteners 128 leaving face portion 124 free to engage the surface of the roller 100 for wiping action thereagainst.

The carrier 126 is slidably received in the side walls 1 14 and 116 through a pair of sleeve-bearing elements 130 and 132 (FIG. 5). A spring 134 having one end attached to the carrier at a point lying within the walls 1 14 and 116 and the other end fixed to the wall 114 biases the carrier in a lateral direction toward the wall 114. The follower wheel 140, rotatably secured to one end of the bar 126, is urged against the cam face 138 by virtue of the biasing action of the spring 134. The motor 136 is energized concurrent with the roller drive motor 119 causing rotation of the cam 1138, thereby imparting a lateral reciprocating motion 'to the carrier 126 as the follower wheel 140 engages the cam face 142 of the cam 138. The carrier is fully distended when the cam 138 is in the dotted outline position (FIG. 5).

This lateral reciprocating movement of the carrier 126 causes a corresponding reciprocatory motion of the face 124 of the blade 121 with respect to the roller 100, which, together with the rotary movement of the roller 100, serves to free up the wiping zone of paper lint.

Referring to FIG. 6A, the roller 102 is mounted for rotation on shaft 108 and is shown partially immersed at the developer liquid 24 contained in the reservoir 118. As the roller 102 rotates in a clockwise direction, its surface picks up an amount of developer liquid and applies it to the driven applicator roller 100, mounted for rotation on shaft 110, which is in rolling contact with the roller 102. As the roller 100 rotates, it encounters the wiper blade identified generally as 121, having a wiping face 124. The blade 121 is mounted on a carrier member 126 by means of fasteners 128 leaving the face portion 124 free to engage the surface of the roller 100 for wiping action thereagainst.

Continued turning of the roller 100 brings its surface into contact with the pressure blade identified generally as 150,

having a face portion 151 which makes contact with the surface of the roller 100. The pressure blade 150 is mounted on a carrier member 154 by means of fasteners 153! The path taken by the copy sheet containing the latent image thereon is shown by the arrow in FIG. 6A. The copy sheet is fed face plied to the latent image bearing surface in the developing zone established between the roller and the pressure blade 150.

It will be appreciated that the blade-type wiping mechanism Q offers the advantage of requiring less precise fabrication in mounting of the elements due to the flexibility of the metal employed. .this tends to simplify contact alignment problems between the wiper and the roller. The flexible spring steel readily contacts the roller surface, although the roller may be somewhat out-of-round which is not too uncommon a condition of rubber materials. I

If a stationary blade is provided, suitable wiping action is achieved, however, unless treated, as described in the copending application of Robert M. Koch, Ser. No. 606,178 filed Dec. 30, 1966, now abandoned, assigned to the same assignee, paper lint will eventually be entrapped at the wiping zone requiring periodical removal of the blade for cleaning.

The present invention has been described with reference to several illustrative embodiments, it being the intention that they be exemplary and not limiting of the scope of the invention and it is further understood that other modifications and embodiments relating to the movement control or mounting of the mechanical wiping means involved may occur to those skilled in the art which would come within the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of this invention.

What is claimed is: 1. In a developing apparatus of the type in which a liquid developing medium from a supply source is applied to an exposed latent image bearing copy sheet, comprising:

applicator roll means having a nonporous resilient layer whose surface has a centerline average smoothness in the range of 10 200 MICROINCI-IES AND BEING AS- SOCIATED WITH SAID SUPPLY SOURCE FOR CAR- RYING A QUANTITY OF THE DEVELOPING MEDI- UM ON ITS SURFACE,

means establishing a developing zone including roller means in pressure contact with said applicator roller surface,

wiping means acting against and along the length of said applicator roller means in advance of said developing zone, adapted to reduce the quantity of liquid carried on the roller surface to a predetermined level which wiping means comprises holding means for rotatably supporting a wiping rod against said roller, said holding means being received at a channel member equipped with adjusting means for aligning said rod against said applicator roller, and

said wiping means operating in conjunction with said applicator roll applying the developer medium at a rate not exceeding 3.0 grams per square meter of copy sheet.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said wiping means is rotated with the rotation of the applicator roller at a linear velocity that is substantially less than the linear velocity of the applicator roll.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said adjusting means comprises individually placed coiled spring elements spaced laterally along said channel.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said holding means includes a V-shaped groove for receiving said rod.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein drive means are provided for said rod means to constantly rotate said rod at a predetermined rate that is slower in relation to the rota tional speed of said applicator roll.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim wherein said drive means includes cam means for imparting an oscillating motion to said wiping rod.

7. In an apparatus for developing light sensitive sheet material by the application thereto of an amount of developer liquid not in excess of 3 grams per square meter the combination comprising:

first and second roller means in driving engagement with each other forming a transfer zone along the line of contact therebetween, said second roller means having a substantially smooth, resilient, nonporous carrier surface having randomly formed recesses of varying depths and sizes whose center line average smoothness is in the range of -200 microinches and capable of retaining a controlled amount of liquid therein;

third roller means longitudinally disposed in a reservoir containing a supply of liquid, said third roller means being in driving engagement with said second roller means thereby applying to a portion of said carrier surface an excess amount of developer liquid;

movably mounted flexible blade means tangentially biased against said second roller means forming substantially a line contact therewith;

driving means for said blade means imparting reciprocating movement thereto in a direction transverse to the path of rotation of said second roller means, said blade means being disposed in advance of said transfer zone wiping excess liquid from said surface whereby said controlled amount is retained by said recesses and carried by the roller to the transfer zone.

8. In an apparatus for developing light sensitive sheet material by the application thereto of an amount of developer liquid not in excess of 3 per square meter, the combination comprising:

first and second roller means in driving engagement with each other forming a transfer zone along the line of contact therebetween, said second roller means having a nonporous, resilient carrier surface whose center line average smoothness is in the range of 10-200 microinches, said surface having recesses capable of retaining a controlled amount of said developer liquid therein;

means for applying to a portion of said carrier surface an excess amount of developer liquid;

wiper means biased against said second roller means forming substantially a line contact therewith, said wiper means comprising a flexible blade member having a wiping face in intimate contact with said second roller, and being disposed in advance of said transfer zone wiping excess liquid from said carrier surface whereby said controlled amount is retained by the recesses and is carried by the second roller to the transfer zone.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said flexible blade member is formed of flexible spring steel.

10. In an apparatus for developing light-sensitive sheet material by the application thereto of an amount of developer liquid not in excess of 3.0 grams per square meter, the combination comprising:

pressure applying means;

roller means in driving engagement with said pressure applying means forming a transfer zone along a line of contact therebetween, said roller means including a nonporous, resilient carrier surface having randomly formed recesses of varying depths and sizes whose center line average smoothness is in the range of 10-200 microinches, capable of retaining a controlled amount of said liquid therein;

means for applying to a portion of said carrier surface an excess amount of developer liquid;

wiper means biased against said roller forming substantially a line contact therewith as said roller emerges from said means for applying said excess liquid and before said roller enters said transfer zone, said wiper means comprising a flexible blade member having a wiping surface and being mounted adjacent said roller means and biased towards said roller means so that said wiping surface is in intimate contact therewith.

11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 wherein said pressure applying means includes a roller member mounted in driving engagement with said roller means.

12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 wherein said pressure applying means is a blade.

13. In an apparatus for developing light-sensitive sheet material by the application thereto of an amount of developer liquid not in excess of 3.0 grams per square meter and includmg:

a liquid applicator roller in communication with a source of developing liquid; rotatable wiper rod means biased against said roller means forming a substantial line contact therewith as said roller emerges from said source of liquid carrying a quantity 0 liquid;

pressure applying means in contact with said roller positioned downstream from the location of said wiper rod forming a developing zone along the line of contact between the roller and said pressure means;

the improvement comprising said roller applicator having a nonporous, resilient liquid carrying surface having randomly formed recesses of varying depths and sizes therein and whose center line average smoothness is in the range of 10-200 microinches rendering said surface capable of retaining a controlled amount of said developer liquid thereon.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. 3, 640, 203

DATED 1 February 8, 1972 INVENTOMS) 3 Lester R. Raab and Dennis E. Toby it is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 8, line 6 of claim 1, "10 200" should read "-10 'tO200--;

Signed and Sealed this sixteenth Day Of September 1975 [SEAL] A ttes r:

RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Arresting Officer Commissioner ufParenrs and Trademarks 

1. In a developing apparatus of the type in which a liquid developing medium from a supply source is applied to an exposed latent image bearing copy sheet, comprising: applicator roll means having a nonporous resilient layer whose surface has a centerline average smoothness in the range of 10 200 MICROINCHES AND BEING ASSOCIATED WITH SAID SUPPLY SOURCE FOR CARRYING A QUANTITY OF THE DEVELOPING MEDIUM ON ITS SURFACE, means establishing a developing zone including roller means in pressure contact with said applicator roller surface, wiping means acting against and along the length of said applicator roller means in advance of said developing zone, adapted to reduce the quantity of liquid carried on the roller surface to a predetermined level which wiping means comprises holding means for rotatably supporting a wiping rod against said roller, said holding means being received at a channel member equipped with adjusting means for aligning said rod against said applicator roller, and said wiping means operating in conjunction with said applicator roll applying the developer medium at a rate not exceeding 3.0 grams per square meter of copy sheet.
 2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said wiping means is rotated with the rotation of the applicator roller at a linear velocity that is substantially less than the linear velocity of the applicator roll.
 3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said adjusting means comprises individually placed coiled spring elements spaced laterally along said channel.
 4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said holding means includes a V-shaped groove for receiving said rod.
 5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein drive means are provided for said rod means to constantly rotate said rod at a predetermined rate that is slower in relation to the rotational speed of said applicator roll.
 6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein said drive means includes cam means for imparting an oscillating motion to said wiping rod.
 7. In an apparatus for developing light sensitive sheet material by the application thereto of an amount of developer liquid not in excess of 3 grams per square meter the combination comprising: first and second roller means in driving engagement with each other forming a transfer zone along the line of contact therebetween, said second roller means having a substantially smooth, resilient, nonporous carrier surface having randomly formed recesses of varying depths and sizes whose center line average smoothness is in the range of 10-200 microinches and capable of retaining a controlled amount of liquid therein; third roller means longitudinally disposed in a reservoir containing a supply of liquid, said third roller means being in driving engagement with said second roller means thereby applying to a portion of said carrier surface an excess amount of developer liquid; MOVABLY mounted flexible blade means tangentially biased against said second roller means forming substantially a line contact therewith; driving means for said blade means imparting reciprocating movement thereto in a direction transverse to the path of rotation of said second roller means, said blade means being disposed in advance of said transfer zone wiping excess liquid from said surface whereby said controlled amount is retained by said recesses and carried by the roller to the transfer zone.
 8. In an apparatus for developing light sensitive sheet material by the application thereto of an amount of developer liquid not in excess of 3 per square meter, the combination comprising: first and second roller means in driving engagement with each other forming a transfer zone along the line of contact therebetween, said second roller means having a nonporous, resilient carrier surface whose center line average smoothness is in the range of 10-200 microinches, said surface having recesses capable of retaining a controlled amount of said developer liquid therein; means for applying to a portion of said carrier surface an excess amount of developer liquid; wiper means biased against said second roller means forming substantially a line contact therewith, said wiper means comprising a flexible blade member having a wiping face in intimate contact with said second roller, and being disposed in advance of said transfer zone wiping excess liquid from said carrier surface whereby said controlled amount is retained by the recesses and is carried by the second roller to the transfer zone.
 9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein said flexible blade member is formed of flexible spring steel.
 10. In an apparatus for developing light-sensitive sheet material by the application thereto of an amount of developer liquid not in excess of 3.0 grams per square meter, the combination comprising: pressure applying means; roller means in driving engagement with said pressure applying means forming a transfer zone along a line of contact therebetween, said roller means including a nonporous, resilient carrier surface having randomly formed recesses of varying depths and sizes whose center line average smoothness is in the range of 10-200 microinches, capable of retaining a controlled amount of said liquid therein; means for applying to a portion of said carrier surface an excess amount of developer liquid; wiper means biased against said roller forming substantially a line contact therewith as said roller emerges from said means for applying said excess liquid and before said roller enters said transfer zone, said wiper means comprising a flexible blade member having a wiping surface and being mounted adjacent said roller means and biased towards said roller means so that said wiping surface is in intimate contact therewith.
 11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 wherein said pressure applying means includes a roller member mounted in driving engagement with said roller means.
 12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 wherein said pressure applying means is a blade.
 13. In an apparatus for developing light-sensitive sheet material by the application thereto of an amount of developer liquid not in excess of 3.0 grams per square meter and including: a liquid applicator roller in communication with a source of developing liquid; rotatable wiper rod means biased against said roller means forming a substantial line contact therewith as said roller emerges from said source of liquid carrying a quantity of liquid; pressure applying means in contact with said roller positioned downstream from the location of said wiper rod forming a developing zone along the line of contact between the roller and said pressure means; the improvement comprising said roller applicator having a nonporous, resilient liquid carrying surface having randomly formed recesses of varying depths and sizes therein and whoSe center line average smoothness is in the range of 10-200 microinches rendering said surface capable of retaining a controlled amount of said developer liquid thereon. 